Authors:
Vasily KURYANOV, NRU "Moscow Power Engineering Institute", Leonid GUREVICH, Volgograd State Technical University, Larisa TIMASHOVA, R&D Center "FGC UES", JSC, Viktor FOKIN "Energoservis", LLC,

SUMMARY
Climate change may constrain future electricity supply adequacy by reducing electric transmission capacity and increasing electricity demand. The carrying capacity of overhead power lines decreases as ambient air temperatures rise; similarly, during the summer peak period, electricity loads typically increase with hotter air temperatures due to increased air conditioning usage. As atmospheric carbon concentrations increase, higher ambient air temperatures may strain power infrastructure by simultaneously reducing transmission capacity and increasing peak electricity load. We estimate the impacts of rising ambient air temperatures on electric transmission ampacity. During assess the impact of climate change on electricity load by using historical relationships between ambient temperature and utility-scale summertime peak load to estimate the extent to which climate change will incur additional peak load increases. By middle of century 2040–2060, increases in ambient air temperature may reduce average summertime transmission capacity by 1.9%–5.8% relative to the 2000–2020 reference period. At the same time, peak per-capita summertime loads may rise by 4.2%–15% on average due to increases in ambient air temperature and changes in the consumption structure itself, shift of load peaks of power from winter to summer. In the absence of energy efficiency gains, demand-side management programs and transmission infrastructure upgrades, these load increases have the potential to upset current assumptions about future electricity supply adequacy.
Paper discusses the problems associated with the use of new solutions related to the use of high-temperature wires of a new design for high-voltage power transmission lines 35-750kV, installation methods, standardization and calculation of operational efficiency. The main part of the research is connected with plastically compressed wires for high-voltage power transmission lines with the analysis of power and energy losses as well as corona losses due to streamer discharge, aerodynamic and ice loads, and the example of the design and construction of a new 6 kV transmission line with a capacity of 6 MW are presented.
Steel-aluminum plastically compacted overhead wires have an almost smooth outer surface and are manufactured using modern competitive technology, in terms of the cost of the final product. Plastically compressed conductors have a number of advantages that are usually characteristic of more expensive conductors made of profiled wires. Such advantages are the reduction of vibration loads and self-damping of vibrations. Intensive ice formation leads to icy loads of 6-750 kV overhead transmission lines and is one of the urgent problems of the electric power industry in countries with appropriate weather conditions. Due to the almost smooth outer surface, close to the conductors of segmented Ω- and Z-shaped aluminum wires, vibration and galloping of the conductors, as well as ice coating can be reduced. At the same time, high-strength conductors ASHS conductors have greater torsional rigidity, lower probability of galloping, increased vibration resistance and self-extinguishing ability even compared to conductors made of segmented Ω- and Z-shaped aluminum wires, since high-strength conductors have a developed contact surface of adjacent wires not only inside one layer of wires, but also between layers. Plastic deformation of conductors not only significantly increases the mechanical strength, but also reduces the elongation several times during operation.
Calculation of limit currents at temperatures below 45°C is produced without taking into account the influence of solar radiation. Absorbed solar radiation in the middle latitudes can heat conductors by 2-3 °C, for conductors operating in the temperature range of 60-70 °C and above. In southern latitudes, standard wires operate in emergency mode even without loading. The ASHT wire is able to withstand a large load under equal environmental conditions compared to the ASCR wire. The difference in the permissible load for the compared high-temperature conductors to 100%. The temperature difference is especially noticeable at high currents - about 5-7%. This paper also shows the use of compacted wire when it is necessary to significantly increase the throughput without increasing the cross-section. Plastic deformation maximizes space filling with minimal cost.

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